The Indus Valley Civilization or Harappa

Harappan Civilization
5500 - 1500 BCE
(2600–1900 BCE)

The Indus Valley Civilization or Harappan People settled in the Indus Valley, modern day Pakistan, in 5500 BCE. They were similar to Sumerians in many ways, like developing independent city states. Although they made many discoveries independently. The written language that was created has never been translated. Archeologists are waiting to discover a Rosetta Stone, something that can be interpreted through another known language. Without knowing the language, many things still remain a mystery.

The Harappan were highly scientific and had very accurate measurements of length, mass and time. They had the smallest unit of measurement in antiquity and one of the first system of weights and measures. They developed a device for measuring the horizon and advanced metallurgy in the Bronze Age. They developed early dentistry and the world's first sewage and monsoon drainage system.

Architecture
The Harappans were not just architects, but engineers, as evidenced by the complicated dock building techniques, granaries and flood prevention perimeter walls.

One of the many remaining mysteries is that there is no direct evidence of kings, priests or a military of any sort. There is evidence that suggests that most urban occupants were of the same financial status and were predominately artists and merchants.